Over the past 27 years I have had 8 cats...all of them declawed on their front paws...and they were, and are, indoor/outdoor cats. They have lived long and healthy lives. At this time I have 1 cat that is 17 yrs and 2 brothers that are 12 yrs. Declawing did not change their personalities, and they had absolutely no difficulties from the surgery. They came home the day following surgery and went back to being their old selves...just as sweet and loving and playful as before.
I have 3 kittens of different ages also, besides the older ones. I will, of course, be getting them neutered.....and, as usual, the front feet declawed at the same time. My vet always uses stitches that are absorbed into the body, and when surgery is completed, you can't even tell anything has been done. There is no swelling, drainage, etc. They go back to their normal routine, and I need to do no home care.
Maybe it depends on the veterinarian, that does the procedure, as to how it affects the cat?
All I know is that my cats survived outside, and climbed trees, and defended themselves from other cats and dogs in the neighborhood,...... and still were my family's most precious household companions to sleep with, and cuddle with, and help with homework!!
They also lived to ripe old ages after giving us so very much happiness and enjoyment...and I dare anyone to say they were abused. I simply live and love cats too much.