The Gentle Leader is safe and effective. I think the theory is the dog's body follows where the head goes, something like that-I know you all will correct me if I'm wrong. My dog hated the restriction so much, (ie I got smarter than him) that he started to walk calmly so he DIDN'T have to wear it. I know people who swear by it, it makes the dog feel secure. Carrie-if the dog is big and powerful how can you walk backwards while it's totally yanking you and you're holding on for dear life? Would you use a treat to call it back? Wouldn't it be a fight to the finish if you start pulling on the leash..you know, dog's front legs go up..you know me, I'm still learning! K