"Metomidate solutions ≥2 mg l−1, clove oil and Aqui-S™ solutions ≥20 mg l−1 prevented plasma cortisol elevation above resting level"
Study here
This is a measure of pain as the cortisol is released in response to pain and stress.
Edit: to be a bit clearer it's solutions meaning each solution one clove and one the name brand each tested at those levels, not one solution of both mixed.
"Because clove oil causes a reliable and rapid loss of
consciousness and induces hypoxia (critical components to
eliminating potential pain), it appears to meet the criteria
(AVMA 2000) for euthanasia. Based on these recent results,
we suggest that clove oil may be considered acceptable for
euthanasia when used at high concentrations (>400 mg/L).
As indicated by the AVMA for other chemical agents, fish
should be left in solution for at least an additional 10 min
after cessation of opercular movement."
Link to PDF file
"In addition, the stress experienced by the fish pre mortem was assessed by measuring cortisol, glucose and osmolality levels in blood plasma just after death (post mortem). Based on these physiological indicators, the results revealed that of the three methods considered, 1 ml·L− 1 clove oil was the best method for stunning sole because it not only ensures a good final quality product, but also is acceptable for a direct human consumption."
ignore the part about eating them
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