While there are some dogs that are perfectly happy to live outside, I personally think a dog should be part fo the family and that means in the house. Even if it is in one or two rooms, they are pack animals and want to be with their pack.

For that reason, maybe you should look into a breed that does not shed or sheds little ( and for that I wouldn't recmonned a Border Collie or a Shetland). Try and use the sites Micki posted, they may help direct you. Maybe even answer the questions from your mom's point of view (non shedder, "clean" dog)

The vet issue is not something you can get around. I hate to say it, but if your mom will not make sure the dog recieves medical care, perhaps you should wait til you are on your own. If that means "she" doesn't want to take it, but your dad will, that may be something you can work out. Most vets have some evening and Saturday hours, so his work schedule may not even be a problem. If it is the cost of vet care, maybe you can earn money, even if it is just by helping around the house to help offset the cost.

Good Luck!