I used to have a Golden. Her name was Barrett. She was a four and a half year old, red Golden. She died of Lymphoma, which is a tumor cancer. She had tumors, and died at only four and a half. I miss her dearly.
Goldens are great dogs. They're sweet, most get along great with ALL other animals if socialized well, and yes they can adapt well to any environment.

Be aware though, that they are the worst as puppies!!
They dig, chew, bark, and have an endless energy level! Although they are very smart, and highly trainable dogs, they NEED to be socialized or else they can become stubborn and forgetful.
Potty training is a whiz for them. Reinforcement, and praise is the key. If they go in the house without you catching them, it's done. They won't know what they did wrong if you punish them. However--if you DO catch them going in the house then you can punish them. Go outside with them and praise them while they are doing their buisness. This is very easy if you don't become lazy with it.
The biggest problem I had with my Golden was prey drive. Keep in mind that Golens WERE bred for hunting, so if you have lots of small wild animals around then keep an eye on your dog at all times. Barrett killed her prey.. But we couldn't get mad because it's instinct. You CAN'T get mad.
Hmm...just PM me if you need any more answers!