I'm Denyce's husband, the bank teller. Here are a few possible answers to your questions of why he said the things he did.
He asked you about the product you use. He needed to know if you were talking about a savings account, checking account, line of credit, etc, (yes those are products).
Due to privacy laws the bank teller cannot discuss your account with anyone but you. Not even your mother. He should not be discussing your account over the phone How does he know it's really Audrey? How does he know it is not somebody who got ahold of your purse and is really calling to find out about your account information? Thieves can use a suprisingly small amount of information to steal your identity. Banks have to take identity theft very seriously.
It is his concern as to why you passed the phone to somebody else. It can be seen as suspicious activity, something bank personnel are taught to be on the look out for. Think about it from his side. You are an adult with your own finances and trying to sort out to what amounts to be a simple problem. Why then would you be handing the phone off to somebody else. Perhaps a scam is in the works? These days, always a possibility. Bank tellers are trying to protect you as well as themselves either way it can be the tellers job on the line, and your hard earned money.
If a tellers drawer does not balance at the end of the day the teller has to answer for it, if it happens enough it can be a job on the line. It doesn't matter if the drawer is over or under, it is a problem for the bank, the branch, the manager and the teller.
I am not defending the attitude the teller may have taken. There is never a reason to be rude, customer service is a primary concern. And if he really was rude you should make an appointment with the bank manager to discuss the matter. Be aware that we are all human and all have our bad days and while that is not an excuse, it does happen.
And do you really think a bank teller would put his job at risk to 'screw' you out of 40 bucks? Perhaps it was just an honest mistake.

Brian