There have been many threads here about that problem. It was good that you took your cat to the vet. In many cases they have an Urine Tract Infection (UTI) which can be cured by medicine.
If not then it must be a behavioral thing and anything from moving to getting a new cat can influence it. Did you change the litter brand? Is the box always clean? There are cats that use the box only one time ( I have 2 of them).

Can you put a second litterbox close to the bed (for some time) and slowly move it away to a place where it can stay? I even would think of checking with another vet.

Do you use a closed litterbox? Try an open one -with Filou that helped. It could also be the other way round. It can take some time to find out but there will be a solution. Good luck. Your cat is a handsome guy and it would not be helpful to give him away.

Ah: I found another thread about litterbox problems:

http://petoftheday.com/talk/showthre...&highlight=pee