They used a device called a "Trammel". They would drive a stake into the ground where the centre of the pyramid would be, and tie a rope to it.
They would then mark a point on the rope at a distance from the stake, and drag the rope around in a big circle marking the ground as they went.
So what they ended up with was a big circle drawn on the ground with the stake in the centre of the circle. They would then stretch a long rope over the stake, marking points on the circle edge (usually aligned with something like the direction the sun was at dawn).....so what they had then was a circle drawn on the ground with a line drawn across the middle bisecting the circle. It was easy enough then to measure the other two points to form the other two corners of the pyramid, by using a rope of the same length. The lines were then drawn to those new points, forming the perfect square.
Simple geometry really.......but certainly a good idea thought up at the time.
Wom






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