Well a lot of "breeds" people think about like Calicos, Tabby, Orangies, those aren't breeds, just coat patterns. The most common "breed" of cat (like what you'll find in the shelters, the term basically for a "mixed cat") is a Domestic Long/Medium/Short Haired.

As far as personalities associated with BREEDS, like Siamese, Persians, etc, I believe so. I know Siamese (in my experiences) have been rather... grouchy, and attach themselves to only one person and really never get along with anyone else. But really I think its by individual cat and not necessarily as a "breed" too, but mostly I only have experiences with DSH and such... and you have a WIIIDE array of personalities from them because it's just a big melting pot of purrrsonalities