You're not dense. Mama licks the kittens rear to help stimulate the flow of urine and poop and swallows it. I know gross eh, but that's the way it goes and when the kittens are between 4-5 weeks old, you can start litter training them. You just put them in the litter box and take a paw and scratch it in the litter. Most kitten's take to it right away, others may take longer.
That's why whenever you have an orphaned kitten, you have to stimulate the belly with a warm cloth, to simulate what the mother would do, to help them go to the bathroom. You do this while you have them over a piece of newpaper or paper towel.
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