I hate those safety plates I had a pair of nail clippers that had that, I tried it once then took the plate off, couldn't stand it.....so I honestly am not too sure how far exactly the plate will let you clip. I'm not sure in exact measurements how close to the quick you can get, I clip almost right at the edge of Nebo's and I've never made him bleed, but some dogs I clip that close and it bleeds. Generally you clip where the nail starts to curve but if the nails have grown out long the quick has likely grown out as well.
I'm sure they have fairly large thick nails so to avoid crunching/splitting the nails you want to make sure you have nail clippers made to handle bigger nails and ones that are sharp. If they are not sharp they can bend the nail instead of clipping it. (These are the only kind I will use on big dogs:Large dog nail clippers 6.5" by Millers Forge )
When you clip the nail the quick will receed a tiny bit, so if you want the nails to be shorter you'll need to clip a little bit every few days-week for a while and eventually you should get the quick back to normal length. Make sure you have some styptic powder on hand in case you clip too close, it will make the bleeding stop instantly.
Many people also recommend the dremmel tool to grind the nail I prefer the old fashioned way though, but I'm sure it works great.
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