Posse Comitatus explicitly prohibits Federal troops from undertaking ANY mission that requires them to act in a law enforcement capacity. They cannot be used in any way, shape or form to enforce laws. This is why the rebuilding of New Orleans, for example, was started with a mix of troops, mostly National Guard. The Guard undertook law and order functions, and the active troops stuck strictly to helping rebuild. A state governor can request federal troop assistance, but it is strictly for labor, and those troops are barred from undertaking any enforcement activities whatsoever.
Enforcement activities include enforcing US Border laws.
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