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Not consuming the proper foods and vitamins during pregnancy may be the cause of both short and long-term effects in an unborn child. While pregnant, eating an unhealthy diet or not consuming proper vitamins essential for the baby's growth can cause fetal malnutrition (Craig, Kermis, Digdon 2002). Not eating the proper amount of calories a day, for example, can lead to low birth weight and even premature birth (Colonero 1998).

Long term effects such as neural tube defects can also occur if a proper diet is not followed. Taking a prenatal vitamin with 0.4 mg of folic acid can, however, prevent these birth defects ( Folic Acid Alliance Ontario. [Brochure]). According to Folic Acid Alliance Ontario, eating food with a high source of folic acid such as brussel sprouts can be beneficial to both the unborn child and the mother (www.folicacid.ca). When pregnant, nutrition may be the last thing on your mind; what many people do not realize, however, is that some birth defects can be prevented by simply following a proper diet.