2 suggestions:
1) aclimate him to being in the carrier at home. Give him short sessions inside the carrier and gradually make them longer. You can also give him his Temptations treats while in the carrier, he'll REALLY love it then!

2) Withold food before taking him to the vet next time. When a cat goes in for surgery, food must be witheld from about 8 p.m the night before. So it can't harm him to not have food until he comes home AFTER the vet's. What doesn't go in, can't come out!