If a lens is a 80-200mm f/4.5-5.6, it means that it's a telephoto (good for shots at a distance) and that the lowest aperature on 200mm (most zoomed in) is f/5.6. Something like an 80-200mm f/2.8 would be better because that means when you're zoomed in to the max, you're still at f/2.8. A lens with a smaller aperature number is preferred because if you're shooting at f/2.8 (large amount of light), it means you can choose a quicker shutter speed, which is essential for action shots. At f/5.6, you get less light in so you may need to choose a slower shutter speed, which can result in blurs.

If you're shooting a football game, I'd recommend something like the 80-200mm lens. Even 200mm may not zoom in close enough. I'm assuming the games are during the day so you can probably get away with a lens that is f/4.5-5.6, which is much cheaper than it's f/2.8 version.

You'll definitely need an adapter to put the lens on an S5. Filter isn't required but desired as they're very affordable and will prolong the life of your (very expensive) lens.