Hunting is a very effective means of wildlife management in areas where humans have removed large predators from the food chain. (prime example is the northeast US deer population). The deer have more woodlands than they have had in a century or so, as previously farmed lands have been left to nature. What they don't have is a predator to keep the population in check.
In third world countries people live in areas with wildlife, have for hundreds if not thousands of years, and large predators kill humans fairly routinely. It's been going on since time immemorial, and has nothing to do with any modern trend.
As to China's one child policy, it is a failure, and where it is enforced, it is brutally enforced. Adoption is not an official solution, if the government find out a woman is pregnant with a second child, forced abortion is the official state answer. Given that chinese society values male children more than female children, the one child policy has essentially produced a lopsided population, where in the near term men will far outnumber the women.
